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Publication Date:
29 Feb 2012
Edition/language:
2nd edition / English
Publisher:
Human Kinetics Publishers
For delivery:
Estimated despatch 6 - 8 May 2024
Description
The human body is designed for activity. For most of our history, physical activity was required for survival, but technological advances have eliminated much of the need for hard physical labor. As our activity levels have dropped, it has become clear that a physically inactive lifestyle can lead to a host of health problems. Physical Activity and Health, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive treatment of the research on the benefits of a physically active lifestyle in comparison with the harmful consequences of physical inactivity.
Written by leading scientists from the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia, Physical Activity and Health, Second Edition, brings together the results of the most important studies on the relationship between physical activity, sedentarism, and various health outcomes. The second edition has been fully updated based on the latest advances in this rapidly changing field and expanded to include the following new content:
• A chapter on the physiology of inactivity and the effects of sedentary behavior even in people who engage in appropriate amounts of physical activity, which is an area of growing interest
• More extensive coverage of physical activity, aging, and the brain, including a new chapter on the relationship between physical activity and brain structures and functions
• A chapter on the development of national and international physical activity and health guidelines, which will help readers better understand how scientific findings are converted into practical recommendations
Physical Activity and Health, Second Edition, offers a detailed yet concise presentation of key concepts as well as a framework to help readers relate results from single studies or collections of studies to the overall paradigm linking physical activity and physical fitness to health. For each of the topics covered, the text provides an overview of the most important research findings, discusses the limitations of the current knowledge base, and identifies directions for future investigation.
At the core of the text is a review of our current understanding of how physical activity affects health concerns such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and obesity as well as aging and mental health. The text identifies sedentary living habits and poor fitness as major public health problems and examines the potential of physical activity to prevent disease and enhance quality of life. This complete resource also looks at the evolution of the field of physical activity and health; variations in physical activity levels across age, sex, and ethnic groups; the body's physiological responses to physical activity; dose-response issues; and the influence of genetics on physical activity, fitness, and health. The book ends with an integration of the issues covered and discusses new opportunities for research.
The second edition of Physical Activity and Health continues to offer clear, user-friendly coverage of the most important concepts and research in the field. Numerous special features will aid readers in their comprehension of the material. Chapter outlines and callout boxes help readers key in on important topics and focus their reading, and chapter summaries, definitions of key terms, and study questions provide tools for review and self-testing. Commonly used acronyms and abbreviations are found on the interior covers for handy reference.
Where other books have simply promoted physical activity for the individual or a population, Physical Activity and Health, Second Edition, completely integrates current knowledge of the relationship between physical activity and health. With contributions from some of the finest scientists in the field, this comprehensive text offers information unmatched in accuracy and reliability.
Contents
Part I: History and Current Status of the Study of Physical Activity and Health
Chapter 1: Why Study Physical Activity and Health?
Claude Bouchard, PhD; Steven N. Blair, PED; and William L. Haskell, PhD
Human Evolution, History, and Physical Activity
Burden of Chronic Diseases
Health and Its Determinants
Aging and Health
Defining Physical Activity and Physical Fitness
Physical Inactivity Versus Physical Activity
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 2: Historical Perspectives on Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health
Russell R. Pate, PhD
Early Beliefs About Physical Activity and Health
Scientific Inquiry on Exercise and Health
Evolution of Physical Activity Guidelines
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 3: Physical Activity and Fitness With Age, Sex, and Ethnic Differences
Peter T. Katzmarzyk, PhD, FACSM
Physical Activity
Physical Fitness
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 4: Sedentary Behavior and Inactivity Physiology
Marc Hamilton, PhD; and Neville Owen, PhD
Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Public Health
Inactivity Physiology: The Underlying Biology of Acute and Chronic Muscular Inactivity
Sedentary Behavior and Metabolic Health: Emerging Epidemiological Evidence
Humans May Not Have Reached the Pinnacle of Physical Inactivity
A Comprehensive Sedentary Behavior Research Agenda
Public Health Implications
Summary
Review Materials
Part II: Effects of Physical Activity on the Human Organism
Chapter 5: Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Responses to Physical Activity
Edward T. Howley, PhD
Relationship of Energy to Physical Activity
Oxygen Consumption and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Responses to Exercise
Effect of Training, Age, and Gender on Maximal Oxygen Uptake
Application to Exercise Training and Physical Activity Interventions
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 6: Acute Responses to Physical Activity and Exercise
Adrianne E. Hardman, MSc, PhD
Lipids and Lipoproteins
Endothelial Function
Insulin-Glucose Dynamics
Blood Pressure
Hematological Changes
Immune Function and Inflammation
Responses Related to Energy Balance
Augmentation of Acute Effects by Training
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 7: Hormonal Response to Regular Physical Activity
Peter A. Farrell, PhD
Defining Hormones
Importance of Hormonal Regulation
Regular Physical Activity and Hormonal Adaptations
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 8: Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Regular Physical Activity
Howard J. Green, PhD
Skeletal Muscle and Human Survival
Muscle Cell: Composition, Structure, and Function
Muscle Fiber Types and Subtypes
Muscle Adaptation and Functional Consequences
Aging Muscle: The Role of Training
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 9: Response of Liver, Kidney, and Other Organs and Tissues to Regular Physical Activity
Roy J. Shephard, MB, BS, MD (London), PhD, DPE
Acute Effects of Physical Activity
Chronic Effects of Physical Activity
Strengths and Limitations of the Current Evidence
Summary
Review Materials
Part III: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health
Chapter 10: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Mortality Rates
Michael J. LaMonte, PhD; and Steven N. Blair, PED
Physical Activity and Mortality
Fitness and Mortality
Activity or Fitness and Mortality in Adults With Existing Diseases
Quantifying the Population Mortality Burden of Inactivity
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 11: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cardiac, Vascular, and Pulmonary Morbidities
Ian Janssen, PhD
Low Physical Activity and Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Morbidities
Low Physical Activity and Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Risk Factors for Pulmonary Morbidities
Biological Mechanisms
Role of Physical Activity in Patients with Cardiac, Vascular, and Pulmonary Morbidities
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 12: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Obesity
Robert Ross, PhD; and Ian Janssen, PhD
Definition and Problem of Overweight and Obesity
Fat Depots
Relationships Among Excess Weight, Physical Activity, and Fitness
Role of Physical Activity in Prevention and Treatment of Excess Weight
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 13: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Diabetes Mellitus
R. Jan-Willem Middelbeek, MD, MS; Oscar Alcazar, PhD; and Laurie J. Goodyear, PhD
Diabetes: Definitions and Prevalence
Epidemiology, Etiology, and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes
Impact of Physical Activity on Insulin and Glucose Metabolism
Epidemiological Evidence Indicating Benefits of Physical Activity in Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
Summary of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
Importance of Regular Physical Activity for People With Type 2 Diabetes
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 14: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cancer
I-Min Lee, MBBS, ScD
Importance of Cancer
How Physical Activity and Physical Fitness Decrease the Risk of Developing Cancer
How We Study Whether Physical Activity and Physical Fitness Decrease the Risk of Developing Cancer
Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Site-Specific Cancers
Physical Activity and Cancer Survivors
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 15: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Joint and Bone Health
Jennifer Hootman, PhD, ATC, FACSM, FNATA
Scientific Evidence
Strengths and Limitations of the Evidence
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 16: Physical Activity, Muscular Fitness, and Health
Neil McCartney, PhD; and Stuart Phillips, PhD
History of Resistance Training and Its Role in Health
Fundamental Aspects of Resistance Training
Resistance Training Throughout the Life Span
Resistance Training in Disease and Disability
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 17: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Children
Thomas Rowland, MD
Understanding the Exercise-Health Link in Children
Defining the Kinds and Amount of Physical Activities for Health
Optimal Intervention Strategies
Biological Effects on Physical Activity in Youth
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 18: Risks of Physical Activity
Evert A.L.M. Verhagen, PhD; Esther M.F. van Sluijs, PhD; and Willem van Mechelen, MD, PhD
Risks of Physical Activity and Sport Participation
Minimizing Risk and Maximizing Benefits
Recommendations for Future Research
Summary
Review Materials
Part IV: Physical Activity, Fitness, Aging, and Brain Functions
Chapter 19: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Aging
Loretta DiPietro, PhD, MPH
The Aging Process
Methodological Considerations in Aging Research
Demographics of Physical Activity Among Older Adults
Dimensions of Physical Activity and Their Relationship to Health and Function in Aging
Programmatic Issues in Promoting Physical Activity in Older Populations
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 20: Physical Activity and Brain Functions
Kirk I. Erickson, PhD
Descriptive Questions
Mechanistic Questions
Applied Questions: Populations Benefiting From Physical Activity
Moderating Questions: Factors Moderating the Effect of Physical Activity
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 21: Exercise and Its Effects on Mental Health
John S. Raglin, PhD; and Gregory S. Wilson, PED, FACSM
Research Paradigms of Exercise and Mental Health Research
Exercise and Depression
Exercise and Anxiety
Exercise and Schizophrenia
Putative Mechanisms for the Psychological Benefits of Exercise
Detrimental Psychological Responses to Exercise: The Overtraining Syndrome
Summary
Review Materials
Part V: How Much Is Required and How Do We Get There?
Chapter 22: Dose-Response Issues in Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health
William L. Haskell, PhD
Principles Guiding the Body's Response to Activity
Components of the Physical Activity Dose
Factors Determining Optimal Activity Dose
Physical Activity and Fitness: Dose for Health Benefits
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 23: From Science to Physical Activity Guidelines
Mark S. Tremblay, PhD; and William L. Haskell, PhD
Stages of Physical Activity Guideline Development
Strengths, Limitations, and Challenges
Summary
Review Materials
Part VI: New Challenges and Opportunities
Chapter 24: Genetic Differences in the Relationships Among Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health
Tuomo Rankinen, PhD; and Claude Bouchard, PhD
Basics of Human Genetics
Events in Human Genes and Genomes
Genetic Variation in Exercise Traits Among Sedentary People
Genetics of Physical Activity Level
Individual Differences in Response to Regular Exercise
Genes and Responses to Exercise
Trait-Specific Response to Exercise
Personalized Exercise Medicine
Summary
Review Materials
Chapter 25: An Integrated View of Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health
William L. Haskell, PhD; Steven N. Blair, PED; and Claude Bouchard, PhD
Physical Activity Versus Inactivity: Universal Value Versus Damaging Consequences
Developing and Implementing Physical Activity Plans
Research Questions and Issues
Summary
Review Materials
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